車籠埔斷層

認識活動斷層

:::

發布日期：2017-12-06 點閱次數：70815

您的瀏覽器不支援JavaScript語法，如需列印網頁內容，請使用鍵盤Ctrl+P即可列印；如需將內容分享到各社群平台網站上，請點選連結進行分享：臉書、推特

車籠埔斷層，為逆移斷層，為了方面敘述，本文以烏溪為界分為2部分：北段約呈南北走向，由臺中縣豐原市北陽里向南延伸至霧峰鄉，長約38公里，在1999年集集地震時，石岡以東至苗栗縣卓蘭鎮也形成地表破裂與地面隆起，長約16公里（經濟部中央地質調查所，1999；李元希等，2000）；車籠埔斷層南段約呈南北走向，由南投縣草屯向南延伸至竹山鎮嶺腳附近，長約38公里（林啟文等，2000b）。在豐原以北，斷層可能連接三義斷層；竹山以南，斷層連接鹿寮斷層與大尖山斷層（林啟文等，2000b）。

總結與評估

車籠埔斷層，由錯移地層的關係，最早認為斷層向北連接三義斷層，向南連接大尖山斷層；上述3條斷層的下盤均出露頭嵙山層，但是三義斷層上盤出露東坑層（或南莊層），而車籠埔斷層上盤出露錦水頁岩或卓蘭層，大尖山斷層上盤則出露桂竹林層。由鑽井資料顯示，車籠埔斷層北段在其下方有另一條斷層，桂竹林層逆衝於頭嵙山層之上，該斷層雖未出露地表，但延伸至地表的位置約位於三義斷層的斷層跡，兩者的接觸約在豐原附近。至於車籠埔斷層南段則連接鹿寮斷層，並與大尖山斷層的特性有所不同，雖然後者在集集地震時也有活動。

1999年集集地震時所形成的地表破裂，很多地區在地表上顯現寬廣的斷層帶，地表所見的斷層崖、單斜崖與撓曲崖等，是由主斷層分叉而出、且位於上盤的分支斷層反應在地表的特徵。地震斷層在山麓前緣，也就是山麓與平原的交界處，大多位於錦水頁岩的底部；山麓區內，常位於車籠埔斷層上盤的錦水頁岩層中或是位於卓蘭層的底部。

由車籠埔斷層的古地震研究結果，過去3,000年以來共有7次地震事件造成地表破裂，包括西元1999年、距今365 ± 65年前、距今735 ± 55年前、距今905 ± 15年前、距今1,540 ± 160年前、距今1,805 ± 95年前與距今3,000 ± 160年前；最後6次地震之間的發生時距最小約200年，最長約700年；最早的2次古地震的時距相距約1,200年，可能還有許多次的古地震事件未被發現。車籠埔斷層的長期滑移速率為每年6.94公厘，發震模式屬於時間可預測的再發性模式，以長期的滑移速率來推估車籠埔斷層下次可能的地震時間，約西元2340 ± 95年，車籠埔斷層列為第一類活動斷層。

車籠埔斷層條帶地質圖。B：豐原至烏溪部分。測線名稱加框示測線位置重複或鄰近（座標系統：TWD67）

車籠埔斷層條帶地質圖。C：烏溪以南的部分。測線名稱加框示測線位置重複或鄰近（座標系統：TWD67）

本文PDF

完整資訊

斷層相關參考資料

開啟檢視 關閉檢視

行政院國家科學委員會（1999）1/1000集集地震地形測量，電子檔案。

經濟部中央地質調查所（1999）1/25000九二一地震地質調查報告，集集地震地表破裂地形測量。

李元希、盧詩丁、石同生、林偉雄、林燕慧、劉彥求、黃存慧，車籠埔斷層-車籠埔斷層調查。活動斷層精查報告。

黃文正、林燕慧、林啟文、劉思妤、陳致言，車籠埔斷層調查-車籠埔斷層(豐原至烏溪)。活動斷層精查報告。

林啟文、石同生、吳維毓、黃寶賢，車籠埔斷層調查-車籠埔斷層(烏溪以南)。活動斷層精查報告。

林啟文、盧詩丁、石同生、黃文正、林燕慧、劉思妤，車籠埔斷層調查-車籠埔斷層(濁水溪以南)。活動斷層精查報告。

Bonilla, M.G. (1975) A review of recently active faults in Taiwan: U.S.G.S. Open-File Report, 75-41, 58p.

Bonilla, M.G. (1977) Summary of Quaternary faulting and elevation changes in Taiwan: Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 2, 43-56.

Chang, S. L., (1971) Subsurface geologic study of the Taichung Basin, Taiwan. Petro. Geol. Taiwan. 8, 21-45.

Chen, W.S., Huang, B.S., Chen, Y.G., Lee, Y.H., Yang, C.N., Lo, C.H., Chang, H.C., Sung, Q.C., Huang, N.W., Lin, C.C., Sung, S.H., and Lee, K.J. (2001a) Chi-Chi earthquake, 1999 September 21: A case study on the role of thrust-ramp structures for generating earthquakes: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., 91, 5, 986-994.

Chen, W.S., Chen, Y.G., and Cheng, H.C. (2001b) Paleoseismic study of the Chelungpu fault in the Mingjian area: Western Pacific Earth Sciences, 1, 3, 351-358.

Chen, W.S., Chen, Y.G., and Chang, H.C., Lee, Y.H., and Lee, C.C. (2001c) Paleoseismic study of the Chelungpu fault in the Wanfung area: Western Pacific Earth Sciences, 1, 4, 43-72.

Chen, W.S., Chen, Y.G., Shih, R.C., Liu, T.K., Huang, N.W., Lin, C.C., Sung, S.H., Lee, K.J. (2003) Thrust-related river terrace development in relation to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake ruptures, Western Foothills, central Taiwan, J. Asian Ear. Sci., 21, 473-480.

Chen, W.S., Y.G. Chen, Shih, R.C., Liu, T.K., Huang, N.W., Lin, C.C., Sung, S.H., Lee, K.J. (2003) A modern analog of the out-of-sequence thrust system in relation with the Chi-Chi earthquake ruptures in the Western Foothills, central Taiwan: J. Asian Ear. Sci., 21, 473-480.

Chen, W. S., Chen, Y. G., Shih, R. C., Liu, T. K., Huang, N. W., Lin, C. C., Sung, S.H., and Lee, K. J., (2003) Thrust-related river terrace development in relation to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake rupture, western foothills, central Taiwan, J. Asian Earth Sci., 21, 473-480.

Chen, W.S., K.J., Lee, L.S., Lee, Daniel. J. Ponti, C., Prentice, Y.G., Chen, H.C., Chang, and Y.H. Lee（2004a）Slip rate and recurrence interval of the Chelungpu fault during the past 1900 years: Quaternary International, 115-116, 167-176.

Chen, W.S., Lee, K.J., Lee, L.S., Streig, Ashley R., Chang, H.C., Lin, C.W. (2004b) Significant sedimentation of coseismic fault-propagation growth-fold in the Chichi earthquake rupture, central Taiwan, accepted to J. Asian Ear. Sci.

Chen, W.S., Lee, K.J., Lee, L.S., Ponti, D.J., Prentice, C., Chen, Y.G., Chang, H.C., Lee, Y.H. (2004) Paleoseismology of the Chelungpu fault during the past 1900 years, Quaternary International, 115-116, 167-176.

Chen, W.S., Lee, K.J., Lee, L.S., Streig, A.R., Chang, H.C., Lin, C.W. (2007) Paleoseismic evidence for coseismic fault-propagation growth-fold, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake rupture, central Taiwan, J. Asian Ear. Sci., 31, 204-213.

Chen, W.S., Yang, C.C., Yen, Y,C., Lee, L.S., Lee, K.J., Yang, H.C., Chang, H.C., Ota Y., Lin, C.W., Lin, W.H., Shih, T.S., Lu, S.T. (2007) Late Holocene paleoseismicity of the southern portion of the Chelungpu fault, central Taiwan: Evidence from the Chushan excavation site, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 97(1B), 1-13.

Chen, Y.G., Chen, W.S., Lee, J.C., Lee, Y.H., Lee, C.T., Chang, H.C., Lo, C.H. (2001) Surface rupture of 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake yields insights on active tectonics of central Taiwan, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 91(5), 977-985.

Chen, Y.G., Chen, W.S., Wang, Y., Lo, P.W., Lee, J.C., Liu, T.K. (2002) Geomorphic evidence for prior earthquakes: Lesson from the 1999 Chichi earthquake in central Taiwan, Geology, 30(2), 171-174.

Chen, Y.G., Chen, Y.W., Chen, W.S., Zhang, J.F., Zhao, H., Zhou, L.P., Li, S.H. (2003) Preliminary results of long-term slip rates of 1999 earthquake fault by luminescence and radiocarbon dating, Quat. Sci. Rev. 22(10-13), 1213-1221.

Chen, Y.G., Lai, K.Y., Lee, Y.H., Suppe, J., Chen, W.S., Lin, Y.N., Wang, Y., Hung, J.H., Kuo, Y.T. (2007) Coseismic fold scarps and their kinematic behavior in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake Taiwan, J. Geophy. Res., 112.

Chen, Y.G., Chen, Y.M., Chen W.S., Lee, K.J., Lee, L.S., Lu, S.T., Lee, Y.H., Watanuki, T., Lin, Y.N. (2009) Optical dating of a sedimentary sequence in a trenching site on the source fault of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Quaternary International, 199, 25-33.

Cheng, P. H., (1990) Electrostratigraphic study of the Quaternary Formations in the Houli tableland, Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 33, 127-142.

Cheng, P. H., (2000) Imaging the Subsurface Structure of the Northern Tip of the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake Fault in Central Taiwan Using the Electric Resistivity Method, TAO Sci., 11, 721-734.

Cheng, P. H., A. Lin, T. S., Ger, Y. I., and Chen, K. H. (2006) Resistivity structure of the Chelungpu fault in the Taichung area, TAO Sci., 17, 547-561.

Cheng, P. H., C. H. Yang, J. I. You, and J. S. Shieh. (2002) An electric resistivity study of the Chelungpu fault in the Tsaotun area, central Taiwan, TAO Sci., 13, 375-386.

Cheng, P. H., Ger, Y. I., and Lee, S. L., (2006) An electric resistivity study of the Chelungpu Fault in the Taichung area, TAO Sci., 19, 241-255.

Heermance, R., Shipton, Z. K. and Evans, J. P. (2001) Structural controls and the nature of slip distribution for earthquake propagation in the 1999 rupture of the northern end of the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan: Proceeding of ICDP workshop on Drilling the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan: Investigating the physics of faulting for a recent large earthquake, 24–29.

Heermance, R.V., Shipton, Z.K. and Evans, J.P. (2003) Fault structure control on fault slip and ground motion during the 1999 rupture of the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 93,no. 3, 1034-1050.

Hirono, T., Yeh, E.C., Lin, W., Sone, H., Mishima, T., Soh, W., Hashimoto, Y., Matsubayashi, O., Aoike, K., Ito, H., Kinoshita, M., Murayama, M., Song, S.R., Ma, K.F., Hung, J.H., Wang, C.Y., Tsai, Y.B., Kono, T., Nishimura, M., Moriya, S., Tanaka, T., Fujiki, T., Maeda, L., Muraki, H., Kuramoto, T., Sugiyama, K. and Sugawara, T.(2007) Nondestructive continuous physical property measure¬ments of core samples recovered from hole B, Taiwan, Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project. J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 112, 17.

Ho, H. C. and M. M. Chen, (2000) Explanatory text of the geologic map of Taiwan, sheet Taichung, Central Geological Survey, MOEA, Taiwan, 65 pp.

Hsu, T. L. and Chang, H. C., (1979) Quaternary faulting in Taiwan, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, no.3, 155-165.

Huang, S. T., Wu, J. H., and Tanaka, H., (2002) Studies of sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and deformation structures of the Chelungpu fault zone on cores from drilled wells in Fengyuan and Nantou, Central Taiwan, TAO Sci., 13, 253-278.

Hung, C. Y., Wu, Y. H., Yeh, E. C., Wu, J. C., and TCDP Scientific Party(2002) Subsurface structure, physical properties, and fault zone characteristics in the scientific drill holes of Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project, TAO Sci., 18, 271-293.

Isaacs, A.J., Evans, J.P., Song, S.R., and Kolesar, P.T. (2007) Structural, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of the Chelungpu thrust fault, Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean.Sci., vol. 18, no.2, 183-221.

Lee, J. C., Y. G. Chen, K. S. Sieh, K. Muller, W. S. Chen, H. T. Chu, C. Rubin, and R. Yeats (2001). A vertical exposure of the 1999 surface rupture of the Chelungpu Fault at Wufeng, Western Taiwan: structural and paleoseismic implications for an active thrust fault, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 91, no. 5, 914–929.

Lee, J.C., Rubin, C.M., Chan, Y.C., Chu, H.T., Chen, Y.G., Sieh, K., Chen, W.S., Yeats, R. (2003) Reply to “Comment on „a vertical exposure of the 1999 surface rupture of the Chelungpu fault at Wufeng, western Taiwan: structural and paleoseismic implications fro and active thrust fault‟, by J.C. Lee, Y.G. Chen,

K. Sieh, K. Mueller, W.S. Chen, H.T. Chu, Y.C. Chan, C. Rubin, R. Yeats”, by Y.H. Lee, S.T. Lu, T.S. Shih, W.Y. Wu., Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 93(2), 969-972.

Lee, J.C., Rubin, M.C., Mueller, K., Chen, Y.G., Chan, Y.C., Sieh, K., Chu, H.T., Chen, W.S. (2004) Quantitative analysis of movement along an earthquake thrust scarp: a case study of a vertical exposure of the 1999 surface rupture of the Chelungpu fault at Wufeng, Western Taiwan, J. Asian Ear. Sci., 23, 263-273.

Lee, Y. H., Lu, S. T., Shih, T. S., Wu, W. Y., (2003) Comment on “A Vertical Exposure of the 1999 Surface Rupture of the Chelungpu Fault at Wufeng, Western Taiwan: Structural and Paleoseismic Implications for an Active Thrust Fault,” by Jian-Cheng Lee, Yue-Gau Chen, Kerry Sieh, Karl Mueller, Wen-Shan Chen, Hao-Tsu Chu, Yu-Chang Chan, Charles Rubin, and Robert Yeats. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93 (2), 963–968.

Lin, A., Lee, C.T., Maruyama, T., Chen, A. (2005) Meso- and Microstructural Analysis of Coseismic Shear Zone of the 1999 MW 7.6 Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan. . Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 95, no. 2, 486-501.

Lin, C.W., Shih, R.C., Lin, Y.H., Chen, W.S. (2002) Structural characteristics of the Chelungpu fault zone in the Taichung area, central Taiwan, Western Pacific Earth Sciences, 2(4), 411-426.

Ma, K.-F., H. Tanaka, S.-R. Song, C.-Y. Wang, J.-H. Hung, Y.-B. Tsai, J. Mori, Y.-F. Song, E.-C. Yeh, W. Soh, H. Sone, L.-W. Kuo and H.-Y. (2006) WuSlip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project, Nature, vol. 444, 473-476.

Ma, K.F., Lee, C.T. and Tsai, Y.B. (1999) The Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake: large surface displacements on an inland thrust fault: EOS, 80, 605.

Meng, C.Y., (1963) San-I overthrust: Petrol. Geol. Taiwan, 2, 1-20.

Mishima, T., T. Hirono, W. Soh, and S.-S. Rong (2006) Thermal history estimation of the Taiwan Chelungpu fault using rock-magnetic methods, Geophys. Res. letters, vol. 33.

Ota. Y., Chen, Y.G., and Chen, W.S. (2004) A review on paleoseismological and active fault study in Taiwan: submitted to Tectonophysics.

Ota. Y., Chen, Y.G., Chen, W.S. (2005) A review on paleoseismological and active fault study in Taiwan, Tectonophysics, 408, 63-77.

Ota. Y., Huang, C.Y., Yuan, Peter B., Sugiyama, Y., Lee, Y., Watanabe, M., Sawa, H., Yanagida, M., Sasake, S., and Tanifuchi, K. (2001) Trenching study at the Tsaotun site in the central part of the Chelungpu Fault, Taiwan: Western Pacific Earth Sciences, 1, 4, 487-498.

Ota. Y., Shishikura, M., Watanabe, M., Sawa, H., Yamaguchi, M., Yanagida, M., Ichikawa, K., Lee, Y.H. Lu, S.T., Shih, T.S., and Amagasa, S., (2005) Paleoseismology deduced from the Fengyuan trench on the northern part of the Chelungpu fault central Taiwan-an example of very low angle reverse fault. accepted to J. Asian Ear. Sci.

Otsuki, K., T. Hirono, M. Omori, M. Sakaguchi, W. Tanigawa, W. Lin, W. Soh and S.-S. Rong (2009) Analyses of pseudotachylyte from Hole-B of Taiwan Chelupung-fault Drilling Project (TCDP): their implications for seismic slip behaviors during 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Tectonophysics, 429, 13-24.

Ouchi, T., Lin, A., Chen, A., and Maruyama, T. (2001) The 1999 Chi-Chi　(Taiwan) earthquake: earthquake fault and strong motions, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., vol. 91, no. 5, 966–976.

Shimaki, K., and Nakata, T. (1960) Time-predictable recurrence model for large earthquakes: Geophy. Reser. Letters, 7, 279-282.

Sibson, R. H. (1977) Fault rock and fault mechanisms: J. Geol. Soc. London 133, 191–213.

Sone, H., Yeh, E.C., Nakaya, T., Hung, J.H., Ma, K.F., Wang, C.Y., Song, S.R. and Shimamoto, T., (2007) Meso¬scopic structural observations of cores from the Che¬lungpu fault system, Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project Hole-A, Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., vol. 18, 359-377.

Song, S.R., Kuo, L.W., Yeh, E.C., Wang, C.Y., Hung, J.H. and Ma, K.F. (2007) Characteristics of the li-thology, fault-related rocks and fault zone structures in TCDP Hole-A. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., vol. 18, 243-269.

Streig, A.R., Rubin, C.M., Chen, W.S., Chen, Y.G., Lee, L.S., Thompson, S., Madden, C., Lu, S.T. (2007) Evidence for prehistoric coseismic folding along the Tsaotun segment of the Chelungpu fault near Nan-Tou, Taiwan, J. Geophy. Res., 112.

Tanaka, H. et al., (2002) Initial science report of shallow drilling penetrating into the Chelupung fault zone, Taiwan, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 133, 227-251.

Tanaka., H., Wang, C.Y., Chen, W.M., Arito, S., Kotaro, U., Ito, H. and Masataka, A. (2001) Initial science report of shallow drilling penetrating into the Chelungpu fault zone, Taiwan: TAO, Vol. 13, no.3, 227–251.

Wang, C. Y., Li, C. L., Su, F. C., Leu, M. T., Wu, M. S., Lai, S. H., and Chern, C. C., (2002) Structural mapping of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake fault, Taiwan by seismic reflection methods, TAO Sci., 13, 211-226.

Wang, C. Y., Li, C. L., Wu, M. C., and Ger, M. L., (2007) Investigating the TCDP drill site using deep and shallow reflection seismics, TAO Sci., 18, 129-141.Wu, F.T. (1978) Recent tectonics of Taiwan: Jour. Phys. Earth, 26, 265-299.

Yeh, E.C., Sone, H., Nakaya, T., Lan, K.H., Song, S.R., Hung, J.H., Lin, W., Hirono, T., Wang, C.Y., Ma, K.F., Soh, W., and Kinoshita, M. (2007) Core description and characteristics of fault zones from Hole-A of the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., vol. 18, 327-358.

九二一集集大地震專輯（2000）經濟部中央地質調查所。

中國石油公司臺灣油礦探勘總處（1989a）比例尺十萬分之一地質圖－苗栗幅。

中國石油公司臺灣油礦探勘總處（1989b）比例尺十萬分之一地質圖－臺中幅。

王衍評（2002）車籠埔斷層北段之地電研究，國立中央大學地球物理研究所碩士論文，89 頁。

王錦華、王乾盈、宋國城、辛在勤、余水倍、謝秋雰、溫國樑、鐘孫霖、李民、郭鎧紋、張國強（2005）九二一集集大地震。行政院國家科學委員會「地震及活斷層研究」跨部會重大科技計畫辦公室，共583頁。

白志宏（2006）地震引致人員罹難空間分佈之推估，國立中央大學土木工程研究所博士論文。

石同生、林偉雄（2005）活動斷層沿線土地禁限建問題芻議。2005年臺灣活動斷層與地震災害研討會論文集。